Fate and Toxicity of Carbamazepine and Its Degradation By-Products During Coupling of Ozonation and Nanofiltration for Urban Wastewater Reuse

Occurrence of emerging organic micropollutants in water bodies and their effects are a concern related to quality reused water. Advanced oxidation processes have demonstrated promising results address this challenge. Nonetheless, these may lead the generation more toxic by-products. The aim study was investigate coupling ozonation nanofiltration (NF) applied carbamazepine (CBZ). It consisted monitoring degradation fate CBZ its subsequent by-products, toxicity. completely degraded after 5 min six identified transformation by-products were formed: I (hydroxycarbamazepine), BQM [1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H, 3H)-quinazoline-2-one], II (2-(1H)-quinazolinone), BaQM [1-(2-benzoic acid)-4-hydro-(1H, BQD [1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H, 3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione] BaQD acid)-(1H, 3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione]. Mineralization rate never exceeded 12% even with high ozone dose. Bioassays Vibrio fischeri revealed that responsible for NF is able remove total carbon removal up 93% at 85% permeate recovery rate. different almost retained by NF, except II, which had an MW slightly lower than membrane molecular weight cut-off, still between 80 96% depending on